21st International Conference on Sustainable Development Ottawa, Canada July 15-16, 2025  University of Ottawa Faculty of Social Sciences Social Sciences Building 120 University Private Ottawa, Ontario  Canada 21st  International Conference on Sustainable Development is jointly presented by International Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Law (ICIRL), Centre for Research in Social Justice and Policy (CRSJP) at Laurentian University and Ontario International Development Agency (OIDA) in Canada.     Important Dates Last Day to submit Abstract / Paper / Presentation - June 25, 2025 Last date to register - June 30, 2025     Note:  Abstracts/Papers, acceptances issued on a rolling basis until June 25, 2025 Please submit your Abstract/Full lenghth paper as early as possible Major Themes The International Conference on Sustainable Development consists of following themes. 1. Development, 2. Economics, 3. Environment and Natural Resources, 4. Food and Agriculture, 5. Governance, 6. Health, 7. Information and communication, 8. Science and technology, 9. Social policy. 10. Gender equality 

Introduction Call for Papers Registration Accepted Papers FAQs Program Official Invitation, Cancellation and Refund Visa, Travel and Accommodation Conference Contacts

Accepted Papers No. of papers received:  514 No. of papers accepted: 107 Acceptance ratio:  20.81% As of July 10, 2025 Final program will be relased by July 10, 2025 Accepted Papers 001. Developing Green Campus Paradigm for Higher Education Institutes in Pakistan Attaullah Shah 1, Geok Kim Tan 2, Rehmat Karim 3, Irfan Ullah Jan 4 1,3 Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan. 2 Multimedia University Malaysia. 3 University of Peshawar, Pakistan 002. Promoting Sustainable Development through Rural-Urban Interdependency in South Africa Paul Mudau Department of Public, Constitutional and International Law University of South Africa, South Africa. 003. Determinants of Non-Motorized for Sustainable Transport Planning in Kota City, Rajasthan, India Adinarayanane Ramamurthy 1, and Ayushi Bhatt 2 1 Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada, Government of India, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India; 2 Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada Government of India, Vijayawada 520008, Andhra Pradesh, India. 004. Evaluation of the Role of the Department of Planning Monitoring and Evaluation: Water and Sanitation in South Africa Engeline Ntombi Zwane Turfloop Graduate School of Leadership University of Limpopo, South Africa. 005. Urban Physics and Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Modelling Urban Energy Dynamics: A Case of Lucknow City, India. Adinarayanane Ramamurthy 1, Srajati Tiwari 2, Faiz Ahmed Chundeli 3 1,2,3 School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada, Government of India, Vijayawada 520008, India. 006. Resilience of Coastal Communities to Climate Change, in Thiruvananthapuram Region, Kerala State, India Adinarayanane Ramamurthy 1, Aswinth G Chandran 2 and Faiz Ahmed Chundeli 3 1,2,3 Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, Government of India. 007. Trade Facilitation and Non-Tariff Barriers at Regional Economic Community Level of The African Union Sello Selelo 1, Prayers Thabelo 2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 008. Modelling Strategic Management for Communal Property Associations (CPAs) revitalization in Land Reform Program: A case of North-West Province in the Republic of South Africa Manketsi Tlhape 1, Victor Mmbengwa 2, Joseph Lekunze 3 1,3 Business School, North-West University, South Africa. 2 University of Limpopo, South Africa. 009. Effect of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Arable Crops Production Efficiency in Odeda Local Government, Nigeria Emmanuel Olugbenga Fakoya 1, Kehinde Oluwaseye Ogunjinmi 2, Bolaji Grace Abiona 3, Olufunmilola Amao 4, Toyin Grace Olonibua 5, Qudus Tunde Olayiwola 6 1,2,3,5,6 Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 4  Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology Igboora, Nigeria. 010. Evaluation of Residents’ Satisfaction with Housing Quality in Staff Quarters of Southwest Nigerian Universities Dorcas Oluwaseyi Adeoye 1, Kayode  Adeboye Amoo 2, Olusola Oladapo Makinde 3, Olumuyiwa  Idowu Ojo 4 1,2,3,4 Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. 011. A Review of Generative AI's Impact on Workforce Transformation and Future Skill Requirements Kayode Oyetade 1, Tranos Zuva 2 1,2 Vaal University of Technology, South Africa. 012. Job motivation and satisfaction: Implication on employees’ retention in agro-allied industries in Oyo State, Nigeria Bolaji Grace Abiona 1, Bolaji  Jeffery Wilson 2, Easther Tolorunju 3, Faith Oluwakolayemi 4 1,2,3,4 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. 013. Ensuring equity and accessibility of universal health coverage of Climate Changed Marginalized Population: Establishing linkage system with GOVT. Health Care and Family Planning Services for the Bede Community in Bangladesh Md. Tarik Hossain 1, Umme Sumaia 2 Chemonics International, Bangladesh. 2 Ministry of Education, Bangladesh. 014. Determinants of Utilization of Traditional Adaptation Strategies among Arable Crop Farmers in Odeda Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Kehinde Oluwaseye Ogunjinmi 1, Emmanuel Olugbenga Fakoya 2, Felicia Itunu Wole-Alo 3, Mathias Umunna 4, Adekunle Anthony Ogunjinmi 5, Olufemi Adeola Ogunlusi 6, Adeola Tayo Lordbanjou 7, Damilola Aishat Dada 8 1,2,3,8 Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Nigeria.  4 Federal College of Forest Resources Management, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State. Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. (FRIN), 5 Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. 6 Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria Headquarter, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria. 7 Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Security (FMAFS), Nigeria. 015. Rural Feeder Roads and Socio-economic Development of Rural Communities in Ondo North and Central Senatorial Districts, Nigeria Arowolo Taofeek Abimbola Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria. 016. Role of Indigenous Knowledge in Climate Change Adaptation in Ogoni Rural Communities, Nigeria Salome Akpowho 1, Olufemi Martin Adesope 2, Friday  Ogar Idiku 3 1,2 Institute of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Portharcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria. 3 Department of Agricultural Extension &Rural Sociology, University of Calabar, Calabar Nigeria. 017. Impact of Land Use Types on the Spatial Heterogeneity of Extreme Heat Environments in Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India Adinarayanane Ramamurthy 1, Vanya Mathur 2, Faiz Ahmed Chundeli 3 1,2,3 School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada, Government of India. 018. Bridging the Gap: Unpacking the Role of Social Workers Towards Sustainable Development Nondumiso Yolande Hadebe 1*, Fikile Gladys Xaba 2 1,2 University of Zululand, South Africa. 019. Stormwater Management and Drainage System at Ethekwini Municipality Durban South Africa Thobile Gumede 1, Phakamani Bhengu 2, Onyeka Nkwonta 3* 1,2,3 Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa. 020. Assessing the Geotechnical Challenges Posed by Soft Marine Sediments Phakamani Bhengu 1*, Onyeka Nkwonta 2 1,2 Mangosuthu University of Technology, South Africa. 021. Digital trade and regional integration Didier Francois Diegane Diop University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, Senegal. 022. Enhancing the Role of Participatory Land Use Planning in Building Community Resilience  to Climate Change Muhyadin Mohammed Ahmed 1, Addis Teshome Kabade 2, Joselyn Bigirwa 3, Daher  Elmi 4 1,2,3 Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Ethiopia. 023. The Impact of Maize on Engine Efficiency: A Comprehensive study Samuel Chukwu University of Kwazulunatal, South Africa. 024. Assessment of the future Environmental Carrying Capacity for Sustainable Development in Kochi City, Kerala State, India Rajeev R. 1, Adinarayanane Ramamurthy 2, Ayon Kumar Tarafdar 3 1 Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, Government of India. 2 Department of Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, Vijayawada, Government of India.                                                             3 School of Planning and Architecture, Government of India. 025. Factors affecting effective implementation of performance management system in South African Municipalities Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad 1*, Ryder Machete 2 1,2 School of Public Management, Governance and Public Policy, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa. 026. Enhancing energy efficiency using thermoelectric generators in Nigeria Christopher Uzoma Ihekoronye 1*, Andile Ngema 2 1,2 University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 027. An exploration of biometric technology to combat online banking fraud and digital identity in the South African Banking Industry Mokopane Charles Marakalala University of South Africa, South Africa. 028. The Use of Radiology in Wildlife Conservation and Veterinary Medicine in South Africa Ugochukwu Onwubiko Durban University of Technology, South Africa. 029. Sustainable Future with the Development of a Secure Mini-bus Taxi Pick-up System for Children going to and coming from Schools  Mkateko G. Maluleke 1 and Johnson O. Dehinbo 2 1,2 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Information & Communications Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Soshanguve, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa. 030. Regulation of Fornication and Adultery (zina): What Malaysia can Learn from International Law to Enhance the Achievement of Millennium Development Goals Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema University of Zululand, South Africa. 031. Denial of Reproductive Rights in Senegal as an Enemy of Sustainable Development: What can Senegal learn from South Africa and the International Law? Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Lionel Moonsamy 2 1,2 University of Zululand, South Africa. 032. Evidence in Zina Cases as a Form of Discrimination against Women in Pakistan Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Desan  Iyer 2 1,2 University of Zululand, South Africa. 033. Punishment for Committing the hudud crime of fornication and adultery (zina) as a form of assault Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Desan  Iyer 2 1,2 University of Zululand, South Africa. 034. Exclusion of traditional leaders from decision-making in local government: What can South Africa Learn from Lesotho and the United Kingdom? Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1 1 University of Zululand, South Africa. 035.  Ukuthwala Custom: Exploring African Epistemologies to Solve Some Societal Problems Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema 1, Tolaine Matadi 2 1,2 University of Zululand, South Africa. 036. Feminist Reflections on the Exclusion of Women from the Acquisition of Land and from Participating Actively as Members in Traditional Courts Nqobizwe Mvelo Ngema University of Zululand, South Africa. 037. Road Network Vulnerability and Risk Management for Flood Resilience in Kochi City, Kerala State, India Adinarayanane Ramamurthy 1, Amal Das 2 1, 2 School of Planning and Architecture Vijayawada Government of India, Vijayawada 520008, Andhra Pradesh, India. 038. Understanding Multidimensional Barriers to Sustainable Development Goals in Vietnam's Construction Industry: Insights from a Rough Set Theory Approach Ha Thi Thu Nguyen 1, Anh Phan Viet Nguyen 2, Jieh-Haur Chen 3 1 Can Tho University, Vietnam. 2,3 National Central University, Taiwan. 039. Empowering Sustainable Agriculture: Digital Twin Technology and Solar-Powered Smart Irrigation for Enhanced Productivity and Inclusivity Magdi Osman Ali Hamed College of Engineering, University of Dongola, Sudan. 040. The perceived effect of soil degradation and coping strategies among arable crop farmers in Atisbo Local Government of Oyo State Oyeronke Adenike Adekola 1, Philip Olanrewaju Eniola 2, Michael  Gbenga Adeduntan 3, Olatunbosun Jonathan Soetan 4, Stephen Adekunle Adeoye 5, Emmanuel Olugbenga Fakoya 6 1,4,6 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. 2,3 Oke Ogun Polytechnic Saki, Nigeria. 5 Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. 041. Enhancing Sustainability with the Impact of Organizational Learning on the Change to the Use of Free and  Open-Source Software at a South African University Johnson Olumuyiwa Dehinbo Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa. 042. Prison Security in the Fourth Industrial Revolution Mpho Mark Matlala 1, Aaron Labane 2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 043. What if Pigs Could Fly? Separating Myth from Possibilities through Fourth Industrial Revolution Technologies and Applications in Law Enforcement Mpho Matlala University of South Africa, South Africa. 044. Emerging Trends in the Georgraphical Information System: Possibilities for Crime Prevention and Sustainability Mokiritalana Given Makola1, Mpho Matlala 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 045. Extending Offender Reform and Reitegration to Capacitate Law Enforcement and Sustainability Using 4IR Instruments: A New Approach to Combating Global Organized Crime Aaron Labane 1, Mpho Matlala 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 046. Investigation of the Vandalism of the Cell Phone Towers: Perpectives of the Closed-Circuit Television Mokiritalana Given Makola University of South Africa, South Africa. 047. Cultivating Climate-Ready Minds: Agro-Trainees Awareness and Perception toward Climate Change in South-West Nigeria Oluwakemi Enitan Fapojuwo 1, Babatunde Adeoye Okubena 2, Michael Tunde  Ajayi 3, Michael Tunde Ajayi 4 1,2,3,4 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria. 048. The evaluation of the development of agricultural extension services in Gauteng province: What is the status at the district level? Lindikaya Wiseman Myeki 1, Elvis Nakana 2, Kayalethu Sotsha 3, Khathutshelo Rambau 4,  Bernard Manganyi 5 1 Department of Agricultural Economics & Extension, North West University, Mahikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2745, South Africa 2 Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD), 17 Van Rensburg Street, Bateleur Office Park, Mbombela 1200, South Africa 3,4,5  National Agricultural Marketing Council, Private Bag X935, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. 049. Guilty Until Proven Innocent? Examining Reverse Onus in South Africa Xolisile Nomasonto Khanyile University of Zululand, South Africa. 050. The Impact of a Compromised Chain of Custody on the Admissibility of Evidence in South African Criminal Trials Xolisile Nomasonto Khanyile University of Zululand, South Africa. 051. Shared Resources, Shared Prosperity: Examining Role of Common Property Systems in Rural India Venkateshwara Swamy Gajavelli Institute of Management Technology, Nagpur, India. 052. Industrialisation Through Digitalisation of Fingerprints Taking in Criminal Justice System Ntombenhle Cecilia Dube 1, Rakgetse John Mokwena 2 1,2 University of South Africa. South Africa. 053. Beyond External Interventions: The Role of Spirituality in Reducing Poverty and Inequality for Sustainable Development Sunethra Thennakoon 1, Rohana Ulluwishewa 2, Indujeewa Peiris 3, U.H. Kaushalya 3 1,3 University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. 2 Environment and Planning, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. 054. Assess the Sustainability of Underserved Settlements in Jaffna Municipality and Its Urban Fringe Cavitha Thiliepan 1, Sunethra Thennakoon 2 1 University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Sri Lanka. 2 University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. 055. The role of bank subject matters experts in the investigation of fraud in South African Banking Industry Mokopane Charles Marakalala University of South Africa, South Africa. 056. Underutilization of Fingerprints to Identify Suspects in Business Robbery Matsidinkane Solomon 1, Rakgetse John Mokwena 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 057. Exploring the Impact of Traffic Policing for Sustainable Development: The South African Context Rakgetse John Mokwena 1, Maseeng Patricia Maphaka 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 058. Exploring the learners’ and teachers’ challenges related to road safety measures in Makapanstad Primary Schools Rakgetse John Mokwena 1, Matsidinkane Solomon Manamela 2 1 University of South Africa, South Africa. 059. An Evaluation of The Use of Electronic Evidence in the Investigation of Procurement Corruption: A Case Study of Ethekwini Regional Office Mlondolozi Bonga Prince Hlengwa 1, Matsidinkane Solomon Manamela 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 060. Critical Thinking in Sustainability: Conflicting Perspectives Robert W. Taylor Montclair State University of New Jersey, USA. 061. Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Reports of Major Cosmetic Companies using Opinion Mining Artificial Intelligence Karina Magro Machado 1, Robert W. Taylor 2 1,2 Montclair State University, USA. 062. Sustainability and Global Engagement for U.S. Universities" with the presentation, "Critical Thinking in Sustainability: Conflicting Perspectives Robert W. Taylor Montclair State University, USA. 063. Nature-Based Solutions and Corporate Initiatives for Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation Nisarg Vyas 1, Robert W. Taylor 2 1 Atlantic Health System, USA. 2 Montclair State University, USA.. 064. A Systematic Literature Review on Strategic Energy Policy for Enhancing Renewable Energy Investment to Support Economic Growth, Environmental Sustainability, and Energy Resilience in Indonesia Ali Sundja 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3, Dwi Atty Mardiana 4 1 PT Pertamina (Persero), Indonesia. 2,3,4 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 065. The Impact of Fiscal Decentralization, Social Funds and Indicators of Sustainable Development to Indonesian Human Development Index Dyah Ayu Retno Inten 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3 1 Krisnadwipayana University, Indonesia. 2,3 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 066. Determining Factors of Successful Commercial Banks in Implementing Sustainable Finance Policy in Indonesia Edi Setijawan 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3 1 Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Republik Indonesia. (Financial Service Authority of Republic of Indonesia) 2,3 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 067. State Asset Management Strategy: Highest and Best Use Analysis to Increase Non-Tax Revenue Nuning Sri Rejeki Wulandari 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3 1 PT Arta Bakti Nusantara, Indonesia. 2,3 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 068. Integrating Ubuntu Philosophy in Promoting and Communication of Mental Health Through Traditional Healing Practices. Wellington Mthokozisi Hlengwa University of Zululand, South Africa. 069. Exploring the role and effectiveness of the Crime Information Management and Analysis Centre within the South African Police Mpho Maboa 1, Juanida Suzette Horne 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 070. Analysing the Role of Data Integrity in Crime Analysis and Crime Prevention within the South African Police Service Mpho Maboa 1, Juanida Suzette Horne 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 071. Enhancing Crime Prevention by Converting Data into Intelligence within the South African Police Service Mpho Maboa 1, Juanida Suzette Horne 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 072. Exploring Crime Analysis and Operational Efficiency in the South African Police Service with a Focus on Challenges and Opportunities Mpho Maboa 1, Juanida Suzette Horne 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 073. Hindrances to partnership policing: A case study of Gauteng townships, South Africa Dumisani Quiet Mabunda University of South Africa, South Africa. 074. A VECM Study of Assets Growth Determinants: Short-Term and Long-Term Perspectives in Indonesian Banks Akmal Amiruddin 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2 1,2 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 1 Central Bank, Indonesia. 075. Fiscal Decentralization and Welfare Economics: The Linkage Eleonora Sofilda 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Dida Nurhaida 3, Tasum 4, Renny Risqiani 5 1,2,3,5 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 4 Krisnadwipayana University, Indonesia. 076. Withdrawn 077. Ensuring equity and accessibility of universal health coverage of Climate Changed Marginalized Population: Establishing linkage system with GOVT. Health Care and Family Planning Services for the Bede Community in Bangladesh Md. Tarik Hossain Room to Read, Bangladesh. 078. Student Perspectives on Artificial Intelligence Integration in English Language Learning: Towards Quality, Innovative, and Equitable Education Gianinna Elaine Malapote Labicane Romblon State University, Philippines. 079. Financial Inclusion and Its Determinants: A Study of Laku Pandai in Indonesia Ida Rumondang Hasiholan Sipahutar 1, Muhammad Zilal Hamzah 2, Eleonora Sofilda 3 OJK Institute, Financial Services Authority, Indonesia. 2,3 Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia. 080. The Paradox of Freedom and Poverty in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Lessons from Political and Economic Dynamics for a more Inclusive and Resilient Socio-Economic Systems Marc Emile Oosthuizen 1, Thato Mazwe Madibo 2 1,2 The Independent Institute of Education’s Varsity College, Pretoria. 081. Understanding the South African Drug Crime situation through Criminological Theories Petrus Machethe University of South Africa. South Africa. 082. The negative impact of the influx of undocumented immigrants into Johannesburg central business district, South Africa Mapooa Charlie Vilakazi 1, Petrus Machethe 2 1 South African Police Service, (UNISA Alumni), South Africa. 2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 083. The evolving landscape of the 21st century governments: A need for adaptable and responsive public administration systems in South Africa Thembelihle Mpungose University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. 084. An Interdisciplinary Analysis Through the Lens of Burden of Proof, Presumptions, Estoppel and the Parol Evidence Rule Across Succession, Contract and Criminal Law Xolisile Nomasonto Khanyile 1, Pallolo Lehloenya 2 1 University of Zululand, South Africa. 085. Challenges in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals for rural communities due to habitat fragmentation and human- elephant conflicts in South-Asian countries: A geospatial and socio-economic assessment based on the dry zone of Sri Lanka H.M.B.S. Herath 1, Nayanajith Kumara 2, Pavithra Jayasinghe 3 1,2,3 Department of Geography, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka. 086. Evaluating the Role of the South African Police Service (SAPS) in Enforcing the Cybercrimes Act: Effectiveness and Challenges in Combating Cybercrime Mmabatho Portia Aphane University of South Africa, South Africa. 086. Evaluating the Role of the South African Police Service (SAPS) in Enforcing the Cybercrimes Act: Effectiveness and Challenges in Combating Cybercrime Mmabatho Portia Aphane University of South Africa, South Africa. 087. Public Policy and Food Security in Nigeria: An Evaluation of the Agricultural Transformation Agenda (2011-2015) and Agricultural Promotion Policy (2016-2022) Osaretin Igbinehimwen Idahosa 1, Ukponmwan Osayande  Omigie 2 1,2 Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 088. Business Growth and Access to Finance: Evaluating the Impact of Bundled Services for Women-Owned Small and Medium Enterprises (WSMEs) Maya Giorbelidze 1, Natia Jibladze 2, Hoa Nguyen 3  1,2 Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. 2 Georgian National University, Georgia. 089. Employees’ protest actions: Policing dilemmas in the Southern African countries Godfrey Thenga University of South Africa, Preller Street, Muckleunick, Pretoria, South Africa. 090. Perishable commodity trading by informal traders: A South African conundrum Godfrey Thenga University of South Africa, South Africa. 091. Withdrawn 092. Enhancing Communication and Complaints Resolution: A Strategic Approach to Mitigating Healthcare-Related Litigations. Charlene Khethiwe Mavimbela 1, Promise Sibusiso Raseala 2 1,2 University of South Africa, South Africa. 093. Evaluating Construction Management Approaches in Pietermaritzbur Ntando Iheukwumere Durban University of Technology South Africa. 094. Maximizing Research Impact, Minimizing Waste: The Case for Explicit Priority Setting Komla Tsey Jawun Research Institute, Central Queensland University, Cairns, Australia. 095. Building Capabilities for the Twin Transition: Technological Trajectory and Organizational Adaptation at GKN Automotive Mexico (2000–2024)   Adriana Martínez Martínez Industrial Economics, UNAM, Blvd. UNAM 2011, Mexico. 096. Exploring the impact of environment-related technologies on the sustainability of energy and economic growth in China and India Arshad Ali Northeast Agricultural University, China. 097. Enablers and constraints of channeling mature talents into workforce: insights from Nova Scotia, Canada Maya Giorbelidze 1, Bishakha Mazumdar 2, Kevin McKague 3 1,2,3 Cape Breton University, Canada. 098. Local Communities, Resource Use, and Sustainable Forest Management in the Terai Region – A Case Study of Katerniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, India Azra Musavi 1, Ahmad Masood Khan 2 1,2 Aligarh Muslim University, India. 099. From Waste to Wealth: Mobilising the African Diaspora and International Development Funders to Tackle Africa's Plastic Pollution Crisis Komla Tsey Jawun Research Institute, Central Queensland University, Cairns, Australia. 100. Tragedy of the Commons in the West Bank Yakub S. Halabi University of Haifa, Western Galilee College, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel. 101. The Paradox of Law: Do Tough Enforcement Activities Neglect Residents' Rights in Long-Term Care Homes? Denise Bedard 1, Azar Varahra 2 1,2 University of Western Ontario, Canada. 102. Electronic Governance and the Rule of Law in Haiti Pierre Caleb Deshommes Faculté de Droit et des Sciences Economiques/Université d’Etat d’Haïti, Haiti. 103. Knowledge and awareness of cervical cancer, HPV, and the vaccine among higher education institution in South Africa: A qualitative study Keabetsoe Oleboheng Manini Motuba 1, Bukola G. Olutola 2 1,2 Independent Institute of Education (IIEMSA), South Africa. 104. Role of Digital Financial Inclusion in Promoting Sustainable Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa Masa Sylvester Motadi University of Venda, South Africa. 105. Colorectal Cancer Prognosis: Gene Expression Clustering and Survival Analysis Using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Models Hari Priya Narra 1, Ravina Madhulitha Nalamolu 2 1,2 Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research, Andhra Pradesh, India. 106. Sustainable Common-Pool Resource Management Through Community-Based Enterprises:  A Pathway to Community Resilience in Bangladesh Raisul Millat Safkat 1*, Md. Abu Jafor 2, Mir Muhtadi Faiaz 3 1,2,3 University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. 107. Implications of procedural justice on police legitimacy in South Africa Jacob Tseko Mofokeng 1, Mmabatho Aphane 2*, Moitsadi Zitha 3 1 Independent Senior Researcher, South Africa. 2,3 University of South Africa, South Africa. If you require more information, please contact our office.   Conference Secretariat Ontario International Development Agency  2581 River Mist Road Ottawa, Ontario, K2J 6G1 Canada. Tel: + 1 613 612 7615 e-mail: oida@ontariointernational.org website: www.ontariointernational.org

Accepted Papers